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Saturated Fat Is More Metabolically Harmful for the Human Liver Than Unsaturated Fat or Simple Sugars.
- Source :
-
Diabetes care [Diabetes Care] 2018 Aug; Vol. 41 (8), pp. 1732-1739. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 May 29. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (i.e., increased intrahepatic triglyceride [IHTG] content), predisposes to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue lipolysis and hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) are the main pathways contributing to IHTG. We hypothesized that dietary macronutrient composition influences the pathways, mediators, and magnitude of weight gain-induced changes in IHTG.<br />Research Design and Methods: We overfed 38 overweight subjects (age 48 ± 2 years, BMI 31 ± 1 kg/m <superscript>2</superscript> , liver fat 4.7 ± 0.9%) 1,000 extra kcal/day of saturated (SAT) or unsaturated (UNSAT) fat or simple sugars (CARB) for 3 weeks. We measured IHTG ( <superscript>1</superscript> H-MRS), pathways contributing to IHTG (lipolysis ([ <superscript>2</superscript> H <subscript>5</subscript> ]glycerol) and DNL ( <superscript>2</superscript> H <subscript>2</subscript> O) basally and during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia), insulin resistance, endotoxemia, plasma ceramides, and adipose tissue gene expression at 0 and 3 weeks.<br />Results: Overfeeding SAT increased IHTG more (+55%) than UNSAT (+15%, P < 0.05). CARB increased IHTG (+33%) by stimulating DNL (+98%). SAT significantly increased while UNSAT decreased lipolysis. SAT induced insulin resistance and endotoxemia and significantly increased multiple plasma ceramides. The diets had distinct effects on adipose tissue gene expression.<br />Conclusions: Macronutrient composition of excess energy influences pathways of IHTG: CARB increases DNL, while SAT increases and UNSAT decreases lipolysis. SAT induced the greatest increase in IHTG, insulin resistance, and harmful ceramides. Decreased intakes of SAT could be beneficial in reducing IHTG and the associated risk of diabetes.<br /> (© 2018 by the American Diabetes Association.)
- Subjects :
- Adipose Tissue metabolism
Adult
Carbohydrate Metabolism physiology
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated metabolism
Fatty Acids metabolism
Female
Humans
Insulin metabolism
Insulin Resistance
Lipid Metabolism physiology
Male
Middle Aged
Monosaccharides metabolism
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease metabolism
Overweight complications
Overweight metabolism
Triglycerides blood
Weight Gain
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated adverse effects
Fatty Acids adverse effects
Feeding Behavior physiology
Liver metabolism
Monosaccharides adverse effects
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease etiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1935-5548
- Volume :
- 41
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Diabetes care
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29844096
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0071