Bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates admitted at Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Objective: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of newborns (< 1 month of age). Septicemia and drug resistance is a predominant issue for neonatal death in Nepal. This study is intended to find bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates from neonates at Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Results: Out of 350 suspected cases of neonatal sepsis, 59 (16.9%) cases showed positive blood culture. The prevalent of positive blood culture with different neonatal risk factors (sex, age, birth weight, gestational age, and delivery mode) showed highest positive bacterial growth in male (52.3%); 3 or above 3 days age (71.2%); low birth weight (62.7%); preterm gestational age (31.4%); and caesarean delivery mode (63.3%). Among positive cases, the bacteriological profile was found highest for Staphylococcus aureus (35.6%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.3%). The most sensitive and resistive antibiotics among Gram-positive isolates were gentamicin (93%) and ampicillin (78%), respectively. Meropenem and imipenem showed highest 100% effective and cefotaxime was least (28%) sensitive among Gram-negative isolates. This concludes broad ranges of bacteria are associated with neonatal sepsis and revealed variation in antibiotic susceptibility pattern among bacterial isolates.