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Incidence of somatic and F+ coliphage in Great Lake Basin recreational waters.
- Source :
-
Water research [Water Res] 2018 Sep 01; Vol. 140, pp. 200-210. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Apr 25. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- There is a growing interest for the use of coliphage as an alternative indicator to assess fecal pollution in recreational waters. Coliphage are a group of viruses that infect Escherichia coli and are considered as potential surrogates to infer the likely presence of enteric viral pathogens. We report the use of a dead-end hollow fiber ultrafiltration single agar layer method to enumerate F+ and somatic coliphage from surface waters collected from three Great Lake areas. At each location, three sites (two beaches; one river) were sampled five days a week over the 2015 beach season (n = 609 total samples). In addition, culturable E. coli and enterococci concentrations, as well as 16 water quality and recreational area parameters were assessed such as rainfall, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and ultra violet absorbance. Overall, somatic coliphage levels ranged from non-detectable to 4.39 log <subscript>10</subscript> plaque forming units per liter and were consistently higher compared to F+ (non-detectable to 3.15 log <subscript>10</subscript> PFU/L), regardless of sampling site. Coliphage concentrations weakly correlated with cultivated fecal indicator bacteria levels (E. coli and enterococci) at 75% of beach sites tested in study (r = 0.28 to 0.40). In addition, ultraviolet light absorption and water temperature were closely associated with coliphage concentrations, but not fecal indicator bacteria levels suggesting different persistence trends in Great Lake waters between indicator types (bacteria versus virus). Finally, implications for coliphage water quality management and future research directions are discussed.<br /> (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Enterococcus
Environmental Biomarkers
Environmental Monitoring methods
Escherichia coli virology
Feces microbiology
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Incidence
Lakes analysis
Lakes microbiology
Oxygen analysis
Recreation
Ultrafiltration methods
Water Quality standards
Coliphages
Lakes virology
Rivers virology
Water Microbiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-2448
- Volume :
- 140
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Water research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29715644
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.055