Armed oncolytic viruses: A kick-start for anti-tumor immunity.

Authors :: de Graaf JF
de Vor L
Fouchier RAM
van den Hoogen BG
Source :: Cytokine & growth factor reviews [Cytokine Growth Factor Rev] 2018 Jun; Vol. 41, pp. 28-39. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Mar 19.
Publication Year :: 2018
Abstract: Oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses that specifically result in killing tumor cells, represent a promising class of cancer therapy. Recently, the focus in the OV therapy field has shifted from their direct oncolytic effect to their immune stimulatory effect. OV therapy can function as a "kick start" for the antitumor immune response by releasing tumor associated antigens and release of inflammatory signals. Combining OVs with immune modulators could enhance the efficacy of both immune and OV therapies. Additionally, genetic engineering of OVs allows local expression of immune therapeutics, thereby reducing related toxicities. Different options to modify the tumor microenvironment in combination with OV therapy have been explored. The possibilities and obstacles of these combinations will be discussed in this review.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)