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Vitamin D status and functional health outcomes in children aged 2-8 y: a 6-mo vitamin D randomized controlled trial.
- Source :
-
The American journal of clinical nutrition [Am J Clin Nutr] 2018 Mar 01; Vol. 107 (3), pp. 355-364. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Background: Most Canadian children do not meet the recommended dietary intake for vitamin D.<br />Objectives: The aims were to test how much vitamin D from food is needed to maintain a healthy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] status from fall to spring in young children and to examine musculoskeletal outcomes.<br />Design: Healthy children aged 2-8 y (n = 51) living in Montreal, Canada, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary vitamin D groups (control or intervention to reach 400 IU/d by using vitamin D-fortified foods) for 6 mo, starting October 2014. At baseline and at 3 and 6 mo, anthropometric characteristics, vitamin D metabolites (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and bone biomarkers (IDS-iSYS, Immunodiagnositc Systems; Liaison; Diasorin) were measured and physical activity and food intakes surveyed. At baseline and at 6 mo, bone outcomes and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured. Cross-sectional images of distal tibia geometry and muscle density were conducted with the use of peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans at 6 mo.<br />Results: At baseline, participants were aged 5.2 ± 1.9 (mean ± SD) y and had a body mass index z score of 0.65 ± 0.12; 53% of participants were boys. There were no differences between groups in baseline serum 25(OH)D3 (66.4 ± 13.6 nmol/L) or vitamin D intake (225 ± 74 IU/d). Median (IQR) compliance was 96% (89-99%) for yogurt and 84% (71-97%) for cheese. At 3 mo, serum 25(OH)D3 was higher in the intervention group (P < 0.05) but was not different between groups by 6 mo. Although lean mass accretion was higher in the intervention group (P < 0.05), no differences in muscle density or bone outcomes were observed.<br />Conclusions: The consumption of 400 IU vitamin D/d from fall to spring did not maintain serum 25(OH)D3 concentration or improve bone outcomes. Further work with lean mass accretion as the primary outcome is needed to confirm if vitamin D enhances lean accretion in healthy young children. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02387892.
- Subjects :
- Absorptiometry, Photon
Biomarkers blood
Body Composition
Bone Density
Bone and Bones physiology
Canada
Child
Child, Preschool
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet
Double-Blind Method
Female
Health Surveys
Humans
Male
Seasons
Socioeconomic Factors
Sunlight
Treatment Outcome
Food, Fortified
Vitamin D administration & dosage
Vitamin D blood
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1938-3207
- Volume :
- 107
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The American journal of clinical nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29566192
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqx062