Impacts of Personal Mobility and Diurnal Concentration Variability on Exposure Misclassification to Ambient Pollutants.

Appreciating the uncertainty margins of exposure assessment to air pollution requires good understanding of its variability throughout the daily activities. This study describes a modeling framework for estimating exposure to air pollutants for a representative sample of working Israeli adults ( N ∼ 168 000) for which both the residence and workplace addresses were available. Individual daily trajectories were simulated by accounting for five generic daily activities: at home, at work, while in commute from home to work and back, and during out-of-home leisure activities. The integrated daily exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ) was estimated for each individual by tracking the daily trajectory through an NO ₂ concentration map, obtained using a dynamic and highly resolved dispersion-like model (temporal resolution, half-hourly; spatial resolution, 500 m). Accounting for the subjects' daily mobility was found to affect their exposure more significantly than accounting solely for the diurnal concentration variability, yet a synergistic effect was noted when accounting for both factors simultaneously. Exposure misclassification varies along the day, with the work microenvironment found to contribute the most to it. In particular, regardless of the high concentrations encountered during the commute, their contribution to the integrated daily exposure is small due to the relatively short time spent in this activity by most people.