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In vitro induction of T regulatory cells by a methylated CpG DNA sequence in humans: Potential therapeutic applications in allergic and autoimmune diseases.
- Source :
-
Allergy and asthma proceedings [Allergy Asthma Proc] 2018 Mar 01; Vol. 39 (2), pp. 143-152. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Background: Allergic and autoimmune diseases comprise a group of inflammatory disorders caused by aberrant immune responses in which CD25+ Forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3+) T regulatory (Treg) cells that normally suppress inflammatory events are often poorly functioning. This has stimulated an intensive investigative effort to find ways of increasing Tregs as a method of therapy for these conditions. One such line of investigation includes the study of how ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) results in an immunostimulatory cascade that leads to induction of T-helper (Th) type 1 and Treg-type immune responses.<br />Objective: The present study investigated the mechanisms by which calf thymus mammalian double-stranded DNA (CT-DNA) and a synthetic methylated DNA CpG ODN sequence suppress in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to antigens, mitogens, and alloantigens when measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and promote FoxP3 expression in human CD4+ T cells in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta and interleukin-2 (IL-2).<br />Methods: Lymphoproliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four healthy subjects or nine subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus to CT-DNA or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was measured by tritiated thymidine ([3H]-TdR) incorporation expressed as a stimulation index. Mechanisms of immunosuppressive effects of CT-DNA were evaluated by measurement of the degree of inhibition to lymphoproliferative responses to streptokinase-streptodornase, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or alloantigens by a Con A suppressor assay. The effects of CpG methylation on induction of FoxP3 expression in human T cells were measured by comparing inhibitory responses of synthetic methylated and nonmethylated 8-mer CpG ODN sequences by using cell sorting, in vitro stimulation, and suppressor assay.<br />Results: Here, we showed that CT-DNA and a synthetic methylated DNA 8-mer sequence could suppress antigen-, mitogen-, and alloantigen-induced lymphoproliferation in vitro when measured by [3H]-thymidine. The synthetic methylated DNA CpG ODN but not an unmethylated CpG ODN sequence was shown to promote FoxP3 expression in human CD4+ T cells in the presence of TGF beta and IL-2. The induction of FoxP3+ suppressor cells is dose dependent and offers a potential clinical therapeutic application in allergic and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.<br />Conclusion: The use of this methylated CpG ODN offers a broad clinical application as a novel therapeutic method for Treg induction and, because of its low cost and small size, should facilitate delivery via nasal, respiratory, gastrointestinal routes, and/or by injection, routes of administration important for vaccine delivery to target sites responsible for respiratory, gastrointestinal, and systemic forms of allergic and autoimmune disease.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Cattle
Cell Proliferation
Cells, Cultured
CpG Islands genetics
DNA genetics
DNA Methylation immunology
Forkhead Transcription Factors metabolism
Humans
Hypersensitivity immunology
Hypersensitivity therapy
Immunosuppression Therapy
Isoantigens immunology
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic therapy
Lymphocyte Activation
Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology
DNA immunology
Immunotherapy methods
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1539-6304
- Volume :
- 39
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Allergy and asthma proceedings
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29490770
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2018.39.4113