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Occurrence of illicit drugs in two wastewater treatment plants in the South of Italy.
- Source :
-
Chemosphere [Chemosphere] 2018 May; Vol. 198, pp. 377-385. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Feb 03. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- In this study the occurrence and the behavior of illicit drugs and their metabolites have been investigated for two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (namely, WWTP-1 and WWTP-2) located in Sicily (island of Italy). Samples were analyzed for methamphetamine, cocaine (COC), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methadone (METH), 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine (MDA); 3,4-methylenedioxy ethylamphetamine (MDEA), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) and Benzoylecgonine (BEG). The BEG, COC, MOR and THC-COOH were found at the highest concentration in both WWTPs. The Wastewater-based epidemiology calculation for BEG, COC, cannabinoids and THC-COOH was performed. On average, for both plants, population consumes 1.6 and 23.4 dose 1000 inh <superscript>-1</superscript> day <superscript>-1</superscript> of cocaine and cannabis, respectively. For WWTP-1 negative removals of illicit drugs were observed. For WWTP-2 the following average removal efficiencies were obtained: BEG (77.85%), COC (92.34%), CODEINE (64.75%), MOR (90.16%) and THC-COOH (68.64%).<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Amphetamine analysis
Amphetamines analysis
Cannabidiol analysis
Cocaine analogs & derivatives
Cocaine analysis
Dronabinol analysis
Drug Combinations
Humans
Methamphetamine analysis
Pyrrolidines analysis
Sicily
Substance Abuse Detection
Illicit Drugs analysis
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Wastewater chemistry
Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1298
- Volume :
- 198
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Chemosphere
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29421753
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.158