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1918 H1N1 Influenza Virus Replicates and Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses in Extrarespiratory Tissues of Ferrets.
- Source :
-
The Journal of infectious diseases [J Infect Dis] 2018 Mar 28; Vol. 217 (8), pp. 1237-1246. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Background: The 1918 Spanish H1N1 influenza pandemic was the most severe recorded influenza pandemic with an estimated 20-50 million deaths worldwide. Even though it is known that influenza viruses can cause extrarespiratory tract complications-which are often severe or even fatal-the potential contribution of extrarespiratory tissues to the pathogenesis of 1918 H1N1 virus infection has not been studied comprehensively.<br />Methods: Here, we performed a time-course study in ferrets inoculated intranasally with 1918 H1N1 influenza virus, with special emphasis on the involvement of extrarespiratory tissues. Respiratory and extrarespiratory tissues were collected after inoculation for virological, histological, and immunological analysis.<br />Results: Infectious virus was detected at high titers in respiratory tissues and, at lower titers in most extrarespiratory tissues. Evidence for active virus replication, as indicated by the detection of nucleoprotein by immunohistochemistry, was observed in the respiratory tract, peripheral and central nervous system, and liver. Proinflammatory cytokines were up-regulated in respiratory tissues, olfactory bulb, spinal cord, liver, heart, and pancreas.<br />Conclusions: 1918 H1N1 virus spread to and induced cytokine responses in tissues outside the respiratory tract, which likely contributed to the severity of infection. Moreover, our data support the suggested link between 1918 H1N1 infection and central nervous system disease.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Cytokines genetics
Ferrets
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Inflammation metabolism
Lung pathology
Orthomyxoviridae Infections pathology
Respiratory Tract Diseases virology
Tissue Distribution
Weight Loss
Cytokines metabolism
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype immunology
Orthomyxoviridae Infections virology
Virus Replication physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1537-6613
- Volume :
- 217
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of infectious diseases
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29329410
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy003