The characteristics of transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in children with cerebral arteriovenous malformation presenting with headache.

Purpose: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are uncommon lesions. They are most often presented in childhood as intracranial hemorrhage. The aim of this report is to present the use of transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) in detection of AVMs in children suffering headache.
Methods: This report describes five pediatric patients with headache and cerebral AVM which were initially discovered by TCCS. Diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography.
Results: In all patients, TCCS showed saccular enlargement of the vessels with a multicolored pattern corresponding to the different directions of blood flow. Spectral analysis showed significantly high flow systolic and diastolic velocities and low resistance index.
Conclusions: In this report, we describe TCCS as a valuable non-invasive, harmless, low-cost, widely available method for the detection and follow-up of hemodynamic changes of AVMs in children with headache, before and after treatment.