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Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States.
- Source :
-
CA: a cancer journal for clinicians [CA Cancer J Clin] 2018 Jan; Vol. 68 (1), pp. 31-54. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Nov 21. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Contemporary information on the fraction of cancers that potentially could be prevented is useful for priority setting in cancer prevention and control. Herein, the authors estimate the proportion and number of invasive cancer cases and deaths, overall (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and for 26 cancer types, in adults aged 30 years and older in the United States in 2014, that were attributable to major, potentially modifiable exposures (cigarette smoking; secondhand smoke; excess body weight; alcohol intake; consumption of red and processed meat; low consumption of fruits/vegetables, dietary fiber, and dietary calcium; physical inactivity; ultraviolet radiation; and 6 cancer-associated infections). The numbers of cancer cases were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute; the numbers of deaths were obtained from the CDC; risk factor prevalence estimates were obtained from nationally representative surveys; and associated relative risks of cancer were obtained from published, large-scale pooled analyses or meta-analyses. In the United States in 2014, an estimated 42.0% of all incident cancers (659,640 of 1570,975 cancers, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and 45.1% of cancer deaths (265,150 of 587,521 deaths) were attributable to evaluated risk factors. Cigarette smoking accounted for the highest proportion of cancer cases (19.0%; 298,970 cases) and deaths (28.8%; 169,180 deaths), followed by excess body weight (7.8% and 6.5%, respectively) and alcohol intake (5.6% and 4.0%, respectively). Lung cancer had the highest number of cancers (184,970 cases) and deaths (132,960 deaths) attributable to evaluated risk factors, followed by colorectal cancer (76,910 cases and 28,290 deaths). These results, however, may underestimate the overall proportion of cancers attributable to modifiable factors, because the impact of all established risk factors could not be quantified, and many likely modifiable risk factors are not yet firmly established as causal. Nevertheless, these findings underscore the vast potential for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality through broad and equitable implementation of known preventive measures. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:31-54. © 2017 American Cancer Society.<br /> (© 2017 American Cancer Society.)
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Female
Forecasting
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Neoplasms etiology
Neoplasms mortality
Neoplasms prevention & control
Registries statistics & numerical data
Risk Factors
SEER Program statistics & numerical data
SEER Program trends
Survival Analysis
United States epidemiology
Neoplasms epidemiology
Risk Reduction Behavior
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1542-4863
- Volume :
- 68
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29160902
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21440