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Spectrophotometric assays for measuring redox biomarkers in blood and tissues: the NADPH network.
- Source :
-
Redox report : communications in free radical research [Redox Rep] 2018 Dec; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 47-56. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Oct 31. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD <superscript>+</superscript> /NADH) along with its phosphorylated form (NADP <superscript>+</superscript> /NADPH) are two molecules ubiquitously present in all organisms, and they play key roles as cofactors in fundamental catabolic and anabolic processes, respectively. The oxidation of NADPH to NADP <superscript>+</superscript> initiates a cascade of reactions, where a network of molecules is implicated. The molecules of this cascade form a network with eminent translational potential in redox metabolism. A special point of interest is that spectrophotometric assays have been developed both for NADH/NADPH and the molecules directly regulated by them. Therefore, crucial molecules of the NADPH-dependent redox network can be measured, and the results can be used to assess the bioenergetic and/or oxidative stress status. The main aim of this review is to collectively present the NADPH-related molecules, namely NADPH, NADH, NAD <superscript>+</superscript> kinase, NADPH oxidase, peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and nitric oxide synthase, that can be measured in blood and tissues with the use of a spectrophotometer, which is probably the most simple, inexpensive and widely used tool in biochemistry. We are providing the researchers with reliable and valid spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of the most important biomarkers of the NADPH network in blood and other tissues, thus allowing the opportunity to follow the redox changes in response to a stimulus.
- Subjects :
- Biomarkers blood
Biomarkers metabolism
Humans
NAD analysis
NAD blood
NAD metabolism
NADP analysis
NADP blood
NADPH Oxidases blood
NADPH Oxidases metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase analysis
Nitric Oxide Synthase blood
Nitric Oxide Synthase metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
Peroxiredoxins analysis
Peroxiredoxins blood
Peroxiredoxins metabolism
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) analysis
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) blood
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) metabolism
Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase blood
Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase metabolism
Thioredoxins
Biomarkers analysis
NADP metabolism
Spectrophotometry methods
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1743-2928
- Volume :
- 23
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Redox report : communications in free radical research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29088980
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1080/13510002.2017.1392695