HIV patient with pseudomyxoma peritonei of extra-appendiceal origin is disease-free and alive 9 years after complete cytoreductive surgery.

Objective: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a clinical syndrome that is mainly characterized by the presence of mucinous ascites that results from the rupture of a mucin-producing neoplasm. No reports exist so far regarding the management of this syndrome in HIV patients.
Case Report: A 54-year old male patient with a diagnosed atypical colitis developed additionally over time a complicated diverticulitis which was initially treated conservatively with antibiotics. Due to septic complication, the patient received a Hartmann resection. Six months after the first surgery a Hartmann reversal was tried; it, however, revealed peritoneal implants and a significant stenosis of the colon stump. Resection of these lesions confirmed histopathologically the presence of a low-grade pseudomyxoma peritonei. Five months later, a second try for a Hartmann reversal was performed. In the view of the slightly enlarged paracolic lymph nodes, a low anterior resection was performed with a primary descendorectostomy. Histopathological examination revealed no more signs of the tumor, which confirmed the completeness of the cytoreductive surgery by the first try for a Hartmann reversal.
Conclusions: Completeness of cytoreductive surgery and low grade histology seem to be the most important factors for the prognosis in pseudomyxoma peritonei in immunocompromised patients as suggested by the long overall and progression free survival of the present patient.