Repercussions of eosinophils in a renal allograft - Predictor of early graft loss!

We present 5-year experience of renal transplantation (RT) with tissue eosinophilia (TE) in renal allograft biopsy (RAB) and its repercussions on the outcome. In total, 1217 recipients underwent RT from 2011 to 2015, and they were evaluated for the presence of ≥4% TE. Group 1 consisted of RT with RAB showing TE, Group 2 consisted of RT with RAB with rejections without TE, and Group 3 consisted of RT without rejections. Group 1 had 27 recipients, Group 2 had 395, and Group 3 had 795 recipients. The outcome in terms of graft function, patient and graft survival were evaluated and compared between three groups. All recipients received standard triple immunosuppression. One-year patient and death-censored graft survival were 80.7% and 82.7% in Group 1, 87.2% and 95.1% in Group 2, and 92.6% and 99.6%, respectively in Group 3 and corresponding mean serum creatinine (SCr, mg/dL) was 1.60 ± 0.45 in Group 1, 1.63 ± 0.58 in Group 2, and 1.19 ± 0.39 Group three, respectively. Five-year patient and death-censored graft survival were 72.9 % and 71.1% for Group 2 and 87% and 98.2% for Group 3 with SCr of 1.63 ± 0.38 and 1.25 ± 0.4, respectively. Group 1 recipients did not appear at five years. At four years posttransplant, patient and death-censored graft survival were 71.7% and 59.5% in Group 1 with SCr of 1.55 ± 0.65 mg/dL. In conclusion, the presence of eosino-phils in a renal allograft is an impending sign of graft damage and eventual graft loss.