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Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes.
- Source :
-
Beilstein journal of nanotechnology [Beilstein J Nanotechnol] 2017 Aug 15; Vol. 8, pp. 1688-1698. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Aug 15 (Print Publication: 2017). - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are fluorinated using (1) fluorine F <subscript>2</subscript> at 200 °C, (2) gaseous BrF <subscript>3</subscript> at room temperature, and (3) CF <subscript>4</subscript> radio-frequency plasma functionalization. These have been comparatively studied using transmission electron microscopy and infrared, Raman, X-ray photoelectron, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. A formation of covalent C-F bonds and a considerable reduction in the intensity of radial breathing modes from the outer shells of DWCNTs are observed for all samples. Differences in the electronic state of fluorine and the C-F vibrations for three kinds of the fluorinated DWCNTs are attributed to distinct local surroundings of the attached fluorine atoms. Possible fluorine patterns realized through a certain fluorination technique are revealed from comparison of experimental NEXAFS F K-edge spectra with quantum-chemical calculations of various models. It is proposed that fluorination with F <subscript>2</subscript> and BrF <subscript>3</subscript> produces small fully fluorinated areas and short fluorinated chains, respectively, while the treatment with CF <subscript>4</subscript> plasma results in various attached species, including single or paired fluorine atoms and -CF <subscript>3</subscript> groups. The results demonstrate a possibility of different patterning of carbon surfaces through choosing the fluorination method.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2190-4286
- Volume :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Beilstein journal of nanotechnology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28875106
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.169