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Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes.

Authors :
Bulusheva LG
Fedoseeva YV
Flahaut E
Rio J
Ewels CP
Koroteev VO
Van Lier G
Vyalikh DV
Okotrub AV
Source :
Beilstein journal of nanotechnology [Beilstein J Nanotechnol] 2017 Aug 15; Vol. 8, pp. 1688-1698. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Aug 15 (Print Publication: 2017).
Publication Year :
2017

Abstract

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are fluorinated using (1) fluorine F <subscript>2</subscript> at 200 °C, (2) gaseous BrF <subscript>3</subscript> at room temperature, and (3) CF <subscript>4</subscript> radio-frequency plasma functionalization. These have been comparatively studied using transmission electron microscopy and infrared, Raman, X-ray photoelectron, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. A formation of covalent C-F bonds and a considerable reduction in the intensity of radial breathing modes from the outer shells of DWCNTs are observed for all samples. Differences in the electronic state of fluorine and the C-F vibrations for three kinds of the fluorinated DWCNTs are attributed to distinct local surroundings of the attached fluorine atoms. Possible fluorine patterns realized through a certain fluorination technique are revealed from comparison of experimental NEXAFS F K-edge spectra with quantum-chemical calculations of various models. It is proposed that fluorination with F <subscript>2</subscript> and BrF <subscript>3</subscript> produces small fully fluorinated areas and short fluorinated chains, respectively, while the treatment with CF <subscript>4</subscript> plasma results in various attached species, including single or paired fluorine atoms and -CF <subscript>3</subscript> groups. The results demonstrate a possibility of different patterning of carbon surfaces through choosing the fluorination method.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2190-4286
Volume :
8
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Beilstein journal of nanotechnology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
28875106
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.169