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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Ester and Ether Derivatives of Antisickling Agent 5-HMF for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease.
- Source :
-
Molecular pharmaceutics [Mol Pharm] 2017 Oct 02; Vol. 14 (10), pp. 3499-3511. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Sep 13. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Candidate drugs to counter intracellular polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (Hb S) continue to represent a promising approach to mitigating the primary cause of the pathophysiology associated with sickle cell disease (SCD). One such compound is the naturally occurring antisickling agent, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF), which has been studied in the clinic for the treatment of SCD. As part of our efforts to develop novel efficacious drugs with improved pharmacologic properties, we structurally modified 5-HMF into 12 ether and ester derivatives. The choice of 5-HMF as a pharmacophore was influenced by a combination of its demonstrated attractive hemoglobin modifying and antisickling properties, well-known safety profiles, and its reported nontoxic major metabolites. The derivatives were investigated for their time- and/or dose-dependent effects on important antisickling parameters, such as modification of hemoglobin, corresponding changes in oxygen affinity, and inhibition of red blood cell sickling. The novel test compounds bound and modified Hb and concomitantly increased the protein affinity for oxygen. Five of the derivatives exhibited 1.5- to 4.0-fold higher antisickling effects than 5-HMF. The binding mode of the compounds with Hb was confirmed by X-ray crystallography and, in part, helps explain their observed biochemical properties. Our findings, in addition to the potential therapeutic application, provide valuable insights and potential guidance for further modifications of these (and similar) compounds to enhance their pharmacologic properties.
- Subjects :
- Anemia, Sickle Cell blood
Antisickling Agents chemical synthesis
Antisickling Agents therapeutic use
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Crystallization
Crystallography, X-Ray
Erythrocytes drug effects
Erythrocytes metabolism
Esters chemistry
Ethers chemistry
Furaldehyde chemistry
Furaldehyde pharmacology
Furaldehyde therapeutic use
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Models, Molecular
Oxygen metabolism
Protein Binding
Structure-Activity Relationship
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Anemia, Sickle Cell drug therapy
Antisickling Agents pharmacology
Drug Design
Furaldehyde analogs & derivatives
Hemoglobin, Sickle metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1543-8392
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Molecular pharmaceutics
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28858508
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00553