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Effects of metformin on inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone loss in a rat model of periodontitis.
- Source :
-
PloS one [PLoS One] 2017 Aug 28; Vol. 12 (8), pp. e0183506. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Aug 28 (Print Publication: 2017). - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Aim: To evaluate the effects of metformin (Met) on inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone loss in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis.<br />Materials & Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups of twenty-one rats each, and given the following treatments for 10 days: (1) no ligature + water, (2) ligature + water, (3) ligature + 50 mg/kg Met, (4) ligature + 100 mg/kg Met, and (5) ligature + 200 mg/kg Met. Water or Met was administered orally. Maxillae were fixed and scanned using Micro-computed Tomography (μCT) to quantitate linear and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) volumetric bone loss. Histopathological characteristics were assessed through immunohistochemical staining for MMP-9, COX-2, the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway, SOD-1, and GPx-1. Additionally, confocal microscopy was used to analyze osteocalcin fluorescence. UV-VIS analysis was used to examine the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, IL-1β and TNF-α from gingival tissues. Quantitative RT-PCR reaction was used to gene expression of AMPK, NF-κB (p65), and Hmgb1 from gingival tissues. Significance among groups were analysed using a one-way ANOVA. A p-value of p<0.05 indicated a significant difference.<br />Results: Treatment with 50 mg/kg Met significantly reduced concentrations of malondialdehyde, IL-1β, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Additionally, weak staining was observed for COX-2, MMP-9, RANK, RANKL, SOD-1, and GPx-1 after 50 mg/kg Met. OPG and Osteocalcin showed strong staining in the same group. Radiographically, linear measurements showed a statistically significant reduction in bone loss after 50 mg/kg Met compared to the ligature and Met 200 mg/kg groups. The same pattern was observed volumetrically in BV/TV and decreased osteoclast number (p<0.05). RT-PCR showed increased AMPK expression and decreased expression of NF-κB (p65) and HMGB1 after 50 mg/kg Met.<br />Conclusions: Metformin, at a concentration of 50 mg/kg, decreases the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
- Subjects :
- Alveolar Bone Loss diagnostic imaging
Alveolar Bone Loss metabolism
Alveolar Bone Loss pathology
Animals
Disease Models, Animal
Gingiva metabolism
Glutathione Peroxidase metabolism
Inflammation diagnostic imaging
Inflammation drug therapy
Inflammation metabolism
Inflammation pathology
Interleukin-1beta metabolism
Male
Malondialdehyde metabolism
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 metabolism
Metformin therapeutic use
NF-kappa B metabolism
Periodontitis diagnostic imaging
Periodontitis metabolism
Periodontitis pathology
RANK Ligand metabolism
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B metabolism
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism
X-Ray Microtomography
Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
Alveolar Bone Loss drug therapy
Metformin pharmacology
Oxidative Stress drug effects
Periodontitis drug therapy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1932-6203
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28847008
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183506