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Vitamin D Sufficiency of Canadian Children Did Not Improve Following the 2010 Revision of the Dietary Guidelines That Recommend Higher Intake of Vitamin D: An Analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey.
- Source :
-
Nutrients [Nutrients] 2017 Aug 28; Vol. 9 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Aug 28. - Publication Year :
- 2017
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Abstract
- In 2010, the dietary guidelines for vitamin D for Canadians and Americans aged 1-70 years were revised upward. It is unknown whether the vitamin D status of Canadian children improved after 2010. We compared the prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency (25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of ≥50 nmol/L), 25(OH)D concentration and the frequency of consuming vitamin D-rich foods among children aged 6-18 years-old using data from the nationally representative 2007/2009 and 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Surveys. Associations of sociodemographic, anthropometric, seasonal, and regional variables with achieving vitamin D sufficiency, 25(OH)D concentration, and consumption of vitamin D-rich foods were assessed using multiple logistic and linear regression models. 79% and 68% of children in 2007/2009 and 2012/2013 respectively, were vitamin D sufficient. The main dietary source of vitamin D was milk. Between 2007/2009 and 2012/2013, the frequency of milk and fish consumption declined, but egg and red meat consumption was unchanged. Age, income, weight status, season and ethnicity were associated with 25(OH)D concentration and vitamin D sufficiency. Vitamin D status declined after the upward revision of dietary guidelines for vitamin D, consequently, dietary intake was inadequate to meet sufficiency. Public health initiatives to promote vitamin D-rich foods and supplementation for Canadian children are needed.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Subjects :
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 blood
Adolescent
Animals
Biomarkers blood
Canada epidemiology
Child
Female
Food, Fortified
Health Plan Implementation
Humans
Male
Milk
Nutrition Policy trends
Nutrition Surveys
Prevalence
Vitamin D administration & dosage
Vitamin D analogs & derivatives
Vitamin D blood
Vitamin D Deficiency blood
Vitamin D Deficiency epidemiology
Vitamin D Deficiency etiology
Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Diet, Healthy trends
Nutritional Status
Patient Compliance
Vitamin D therapeutic use
Vitamin D Deficiency prevention & control
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6643
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28846645
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090945