Clinical Effects of CpG-Based Treatment on the Efficacy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Skewing Polarization Toward M1 Macrophage from M2.

Objective: This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of CpG-based therapy for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by skewing polarization toward M1 macrophage from M2.
Methods: Pulmonary metastasis rate, overall survival time, and remission rate of 10 patients with HCC treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with CpG therapy and 10 age-, gender-, and TNM ₀ -matched patients treated with TACE (control group) were compared.
Results: No pulmonary metastasis rate was 70% in the combined treatment group and 40% in the control group, respectively; and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Median overall survival time was 22 months in the combined treatment group, compared with 6.65 months in the control group (p < 0.05). Remission rate in the combined treatment group (70%) was higher than in the control group (30%), but the differences between these two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Compared with TACE, CpG combined with TACE can decrease the pulmonary metastasis rate. This combined therapy can also improve the overall survival time of patients.