Butyrylcholinesterase-knockout reduces fibrillar β-amyloid and conserves 18 FDG retention in 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder causing dementia. One hallmark of the AD brain is the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. AD is also a state of cholinergic dysfunction and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) associates with Aβ pathology. A transgenic mouse (5XFAD) is an aggressive amyloidosis model, producing Aβ plaques with which BChE also associates. A derived strain (5XFAD/BChE-KO), with the BChE gene knocked out, has significantly lower fibrillar Aβ than 5XFAD mice at the same age. Therefore, BChE may have a role in Aβ pathogenesis. Furthermore, in AD, diminished glucose metabolism in the brain can be detected in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging following 2-deoxy-2-( ¹⁸ F)fluoro-D-glucose ( ¹⁸ FDG) administration. To determine whether hypometabolism is related to BChE-induced changes in fibrillar Aβ burden, whole brain and regional uptake of ¹⁸ FDG in 5XFAD and 5XFAD/BChE-KO mice was compared to corresponding wild-type (WT _5XFAD and WT _BChE-KO ) strains at 5months. Diminished fibrillar Aβ burden was confirmed in 5XFAD/BChE-KO mice relative to 5XFAD. 5XFAD and 5XFAD/BChE-KO mice demonstrated reduction in whole brain ¹⁸ FDG retention compared to respective wild-types. Regional analysis of relevant AD structures revealed reduction in ¹⁸ FDG retention in 5XFAD mice in all brain regions analyzed (save cerebellum) compared to WT _5XFAD . Alternatively, 5XFAD/BChE-KO mice demonstrated a more selective pattern of reduced retention in the cerebral cortex and thalamus compared to WT _BChE-KO , while retention in hippocampal formation, amygdala and basal ganglia remained unchanged. This suggests that in knocking out BChE and reducing fibrillar Aβ, a possible protective effect on brain function may be conferred in a number of structures in 5XFAD/BChE-KO mice.
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