Effects of depression and past-year binge drinking on cognitive control processes during a flanker task in college-aged adults.

Background: Recent but largely separate literatures have examined neurocognitive alterations related to both depression and binge drinking, suggesting similar patterns of impairments in attention control and decisional processes. However, depression and problematic alcohol use tend to co-occur, and few studies have examined whether cognitive processing effects of depression and binge drinking are independent or interacting.
Objective: The current study examined joint effects of depressive symptoms and past-year binge drinking on cognitive processing (measured via EEG assessment).
Methods: University students aged 18 and over (N = 46; 63.4% female) were recruited based on self-reported depressive symptoms and also provided reports of alcohol use (51% reported significant depression; 46% reported at-least one past-year binge-drinking episode). Participants completed a computerized flanker task, assessing cognitive control processes. Forty-one participants providing useable data were included in analyses.
Results: Past-year binge drinking was associated with slower and more accurate behavioral responding. The interaction of binge-drinking and depressive symptoms was related to the magnitude of early attentional components (N1 and N2), with individuals reporting high depressive symptoms and a history of binge-drinking exhibiting attenuated early attentional engagement (e.g., less negative N1) coupled with enhanced attention control processing (e.g., more negative N2). Depressive symptoms also predicted a lack of discriminated P3 amplitudes on congruent versus incongruent trials.
Conclusion: The data suggest that depression and binge drinking in the past-year jointly interact to predict early attentional processing, with the pattern of responding consistent with a compensatory response process. Results highlight the importance of future work on binge-drinking accounting for co-occurring depression.