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The changing epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease: Emergence and global presence of serotype a strains that may require a new vaccine for control.
- Source :
-
Vaccine [Vaccine] 2017 Jul 24; Vol. 35 (33), pp. 4270-4275. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jun 27. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Background: More than two decades after the implementation of the Hib conjugate vaccine in North America, Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) has emerged as a significant cause of invasive disease in Indigenous communities. However, little is known about the global presence of this pathogen.<br />Methods: We interrogated the H. influenzae Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) website (https://pubmlst.org/hinfluenzae/) by selecting for serotype a records. We also updated our previous literature review on this subject matter.<br />Results: Hia has been reported from at least 35 countries on six major continents. However, most Hia diseases were associated with Indigenous communities. Clonal analysis identified two clonal populations with one typified as ST-23 responsible for most invasive disease in North America and being the predominant clone described on the H. influenzae MLST website. Incidence of invasive Hia disease in Indigenous communities in North America are similar to the rates of Hib disease reported prior to the Hib conjugate vaccine era. Hia causes severe clinical diseases, such as meningitis, septicaemia, pneumonia, and septic arthritis with case-fatality rates between 5.6% and 33% depending on the age of the patient and the genetic makeup of the Hia strain.<br />Conclusion: Although invasive Hia disease can be found globally, the current epidemiological data suggest that this infection predominantly affects Indigenous communities in North America. The clinical disease of Hia and the clonal nature of the bacteria resemble that of Hib. The high incidence of invasive Hia disease in Indigenous communities, along with potential fatality and severe sequelae causing long-term disability in survivors, may support the development of a new Hia conjugate vaccine for protection against this infection similar in design to the one introduced in the 1990s to control invasive Hib disease.<br /> (Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
Genotype
Global Health
Haemophilus Infections mortality
Haemophilus Infections prevention & control
Haemophilus Vaccines isolation & purification
Haemophilus influenzae genetics
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Middle Aged
Mortality
Population Groups
Young Adult
Haemophilus Infections epidemiology
Haemophilus Infections microbiology
Haemophilus influenzae classification
Haemophilus influenzae immunology
Serogroup
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-2518
- Volume :
- 35
- Issue :
- 33
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Vaccine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28666758
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.001