Alterations of expression of inflammation/immune-related genes in the dorsal and ventral striatum of adult C57BL/6J mice following chronic oxycodone self-administration: a RNA sequencing study.

Introduction: Non-medical use of prescription opioids such as the mu opioid receptor (MOP-r) agonist oxycodone is a growing problem in the USA and elsewhere. There is limited information about oxycodone's impact on diverse gene systems in the brain.
Objectives: The current study was designed to examine how chronic oxycodone self-administration (SA) affects gene expression in the terminal areas of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways in mice.
Method: Adult male C57BL/6J mice underwent a 14-day oxycodone self-administration procedure (4 h/day, 0.25 mg/kg/infusion, FR1) and were euthanized 1 h after the last session. The dorsal and ventral striata were dissected, and total RNAs were extracted. Gene expressions were examined using RNA sequencing.
Result: We found that oxycodone self-administration exposure led to alterations of expression in numerous genes related to inflammation/immune functions in the dorsal striatum (54 upregulated genes and 1 downregulated gene) and ventral striatum (126 upregulated genes and 15 downregulated genes), with 38 upregulated genes identified in both brain regions.
Conclusion: This study reveals novel neurobiological mechanisms underlying some of the effects of a commonly abused prescription opioid. We propose that inflammation/immune gene systems may undergo a major change during chronic self-administration of oxycodone.