[Aging and homeostasis. Prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and frailty.]

Frailty and sarcopenia are geriatrics syndromes that are increasing in the super aged society and are an important risk factor for the outcomes such as disability, falls, falls/fractures, and death. Although aging is a major factor in both syndromes, muscle weakness is accelerated by malnutrition such as protein and vitamin D deficiency and lack of exercise in a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, nutritional guidance and exercise instruction are extremely important as well as management of diseases in older people. In addition, social factors affect the progression of frailty;thus a more comprehensive approach is needed, including social participation. In this paper, we describe holistic approaches for prevention and treatment of frailty and sarcopenia.