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Associations of Biomarker-Calibrated Sodium and Potassium Intakes With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.
- Source :
-
American journal of epidemiology [Am J Epidemiol] 2017 Nov 01; Vol. 186 (9), pp. 1035-1043. - Publication Year :
- 2017
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Abstract
- Studies of the associations of sodium and potassium intakes with cardiovascular disease incidence often rely on self-reported dietary data. In the present study, self-reported intakes from postmenopausal women at 40 participating US clinical centers are calibrated using 24-hour urinary excretion measures in cohorts from the Women's Health Initiative, with follow-up from 1993 to 2010. The incidence of hypertension was positively related to (calibrated) sodium intake and to the ratio of sodium to potassium. The sodium-to-potassium ratio was associated with cardiovascular disease incidence during an average follow-up period of 12 years. The estimated hazard ratio for a 20% increase in the sodium-to-potassium ratio was 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.22) for coronary heart disease, 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.42) for heart failure, and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.19) for a composite cardiovascular disease outcome. The association with total stroke was not significant, but it was positive for ischemic stroke and inverse for hemorrhagic stroke. Aside from hemorrhagic stroke, corresponding associations of cardiovascular disease with sodium and potassium jointly were positive for sodium and inverse for potassium, although some were not statistically significant. Specifically, for coronary heart disease, the hazard ratios for 20% increases were 1.11 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.30) for sodium and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.99) for potassium; and corresponding values for heart failure were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.82) for sodium and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.18) for potassium.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Subjects :
- Aged
Biomarkers urine
Body Mass Index
Calibration
Cardiovascular Diseases urine
Diet Records
Female
Humans
Incidence
Longitudinal Studies
Middle Aged
Odds Ratio
Postmenopause urine
Potassium, Dietary administration & dosage
Potassium, Dietary adverse effects
Proportional Hazards Models
Regression Analysis
Risk Assessment
Sodium, Dietary administration & dosage
Sodium, Dietary adverse effects
United States epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology
Potassium, Dietary urine
Sodium, Dietary urine
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1476-6256
- Volume :
- 186
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- American journal of epidemiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28633342
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx238