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The dynamic links between carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, health spending and GDP growth: A case study for 51 countries.
- Source :
-
Environmental research [Environ Res] 2017 Oct; Vol. 158, pp. 137-144. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jun 15. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- This document investigated the causal relationship between carbon dioxide (CO <subscript>2</subscript> ) emissions, health spending and GDP growth for 51 countries (divided into three groups of countries: low-income countries; group of countries with lower and upper middle income; group of middle income countries) covering the annual period 1995-2013. Dynamic simultaneous-equations models and generalized method of moments (GMM) are used to investigate this relationship. The main results provide evidence of a causal relationship between the three variables. The empirical results show that there is a bidirectional causality between CO <subscript>2</subscript> emissions and GDP per capita, between health spending and economic growth for the three groups of estimates. The results also indicate that there is a unidirectional causality from CO <subscript>2</subscript> emissions to health spending, except low income group countries. We found that health plays an important role in GDP per capita; it limits its effect on a growing deterioration in the quality of the environment.<br /> (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1096-0953
- Volume :
- 158
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28624630
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.041