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Effects of Viola mandshurica on Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Steatosis in ApoE[Formula: see text] via the AMPK Pathway.
- Source :
-
The American journal of Chinese medicine [Am J Chin Med] 2017; Vol. 45 (4), pp. 757-772. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 May 18. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Atherosclerosis was previously thought to be a disease that primarily involves lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. In this report, we investigated the effect of Viola mandshurica W. Becker (V. mandshurica) water extract on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE[Formula: see text]) mice. The administration of V. mandshurica to high-fat diet-fed mice reduced body weight, liver weight, and serum levels of lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides), glucose, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase. Histopathologic analyses of the aorta and liver revealed that V. mandshurica attenuated atherosclerotic lesions and reduced lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses and fatty acid synthesis. V. mandshurica also increased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby reducing acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in liver tissue and inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). V. mandshurica reduced protein expression levels of adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin) as well as ACC, fatty acid synthase, and SREBP-1c. In addition, quantitative analysis of V. mandshurica by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of esculetin and scopoletin. Esculetin and scopoletin reduced adhesion molecules in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Our results indicate that the anti-atherosclerotic effects of V. mandshurica may be associated with activation of the AMPK pathway. Therefore, AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of SREBP-1c by V. mandshurica may be an effective therapeutic strategy for combatting atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis.
- Subjects :
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase metabolism
Animals
Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
Cell Adhesion Molecules metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Immunoglobulins metabolism
Lipid Metabolism drug effects
Liver metabolism
Male
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Phosphorylation drug effects
Plant Extracts chemistry
Scopoletin isolation & purification
Scopoletin pharmacology
Scopoletin therapeutic use
Signal Transduction
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 metabolism
Umbelliferones isolation & purification
Umbelliferones pharmacology
Umbelliferones therapeutic use
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism
Atherosclerosis drug therapy
Atherosclerosis etiology
Fatty Liver drug therapy
Fatty Liver etiology
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Phytotherapy
Plant Extracts pharmacology
Plant Extracts therapeutic use
Viola chemistry
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1793-6853
- Volume :
- 45
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The American journal of Chinese medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28514904
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X17500409