The Utility of Repeat Culture in Fungal Corneal Ulcer Management: A Secondary Analysis of the MUTT-I Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To determine whether patients who had a positive repeated culture was predictive of worse clinical outcome than those who achieved microbiological cure at 6 days in the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial I (MUTT-I).
Design: Secondary analysis from a multicenter, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
Methods: setting: Multiple hospital sites of the Aravind Eye Care System, India.
Study Population: Patients with culture-positive filamentous fungal ulcers and visual acuity of 20/40 to 20/400 reexamined 6 days after initiation of treatment.
Intervention: Corneal scraping and cultures were obtained from study participants at day 6 after enrollment.
Main Outcome Measures: We assessed 3-month best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), 3-month infiltrate/scar size, corneal perforation, and re-epithelialization rates stratified by culture positivity at day 6.
Results: Of the 323 patients with smear-positive ulcers enrolled in MUTT-I, 299 (92.6%) were scraped and cultured 6 days after enrollment. Repeat culture positivity was 31% (92/299). Among patients who tested positive at enrollment, those with positive 6-day cultures had significantly worse 3-month BSCVA (0.39 logMAR; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.44; P < .001), had larger 3-month scar size (0.39 mm; 95% CI: 0.06-0.73; P = .02), were more likely to perforate or require therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (odds ratio: 6.27; 95% CI: 2.73-14.40; P < .001), and were slower to re-epithelialize (hazard ratio: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.21-0.50; P < .001) than those with a negative 6-day culture result.
Conclusions: Early microbiological cure on culture is a predictor of clinical response to treatment.
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