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Pharmacological evaluation of the anxiolytic-like effects of Lippia graveolens and bioactive compounds.
- Source :
-
Pharmaceutical biology [Pharm Biol] 2017 Dec; Vol. 55 (1), pp. 1569-1576. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Context: Lippia species (Verbenaceae) are widely used in Latin America and Africa as folk medicine for their tranquilizing properties.<br />Objective: To evaluate the anxiolytic-like effects and safety of Lippia graveolens Kunth. by exploring its aqueous and organic leaf extracts and identifying the responsible chemical constituents.<br />Material and Methods: Aqueous and organic extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were pharmacologically evaluated at several doses. Chemical constituents were identified using MS, NMR and GC-MS analysis. The isolated compounds (3 mg/kg, i.p.), extracts (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.), and the reference drug diazepam (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) were assessed in CD-1 mice using experimental behavioural models: open-field, cylinder, hole-board, plus-maze and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, as well as their acute toxicity (LD <subscript>50</subscript> ).<br />Results: After administration of the extracts and bioactive compounds, a significant anxiolytic-like response from 1 mg/kg, i.p. was observed, resembling the effect of diazepam. Major presence of thymol (33.40%) was observed in the hexane extract; whereas for the first time in this species a p-cymene + thymol mixture (9.78%), naringenin (0.18%) and cirsimaritin (1.16%) were obtained as bioactive constituents of the ethyl acetate crude extract. Acute toxicity was calculated to be LD <subscript>50</subscript> = 1000 mg/kg for the crude hexane extract, lower in comparison to the other extracts analyzed (LD <subscript>50</subscript> > 2000 mg/kg).<br />Discussion and Conclusion: Our results suggest that L. graveolens exerts anxiolytic-like activity involving many kinds of constituents, mainly of the terpenoid and flavonoid nature. These results reinforce the potential use of this species in the therapy of anxiety.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Anti-Anxiety Agents isolation & purification
Anti-Anxiety Agents toxicity
Anxiety psychology
Behavior, Animal drug effects
Diazepam pharmacology
Disease Models, Animal
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Lethal Dose 50
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Male
Maze Learning drug effects
Mice
Phytochemicals isolation & purification
Phytochemicals toxicity
Phytotherapy
Plant Extracts isolation & purification
Plant Extracts toxicity
Plant Leaves chemistry
Plants, Medicinal
Sleep drug effects
Solvents chemistry
Anti-Anxiety Agents pharmacology
Anxiety prevention & control
Lippia chemistry
Phytochemicals pharmacology
Plant Extracts pharmacology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1744-5116
- Volume :
- 55
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Pharmaceutical biology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28385098
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1310908