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Biological effects of carbon black nanoparticles are changed by surface coating with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Source :
-
Particle and fibre toxicology [Part Fibre Toxicol] 2017 Mar 21; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 8. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Mar 21. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Background: Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP) are mainly composed of carbon, with a small amount of other elements (including hydrogen and oxygen). The toxicity of CBNP has been attributed to their large surface area, and through adsorbing intrinsically toxic substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It is not clear whether a PAH surface coating changes the toxicological properties of CBNP by influencing their physicochemical properties, through the specific toxicity of the surface-bound PAH, or by a combination of both.<br />Methods: Printex <superscript>®</superscript> 90 (P90) was used as CBNP; the comparators were P90 coated with either benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or 9-nitroanthracene (9NA), and soot from acetylene combustion that bears various PAHs on the surface (AS-PAH). Oxidative stress and IL-8/KC mRNA expression were determined in A549 and bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-, Calu-3), mouse intrapulmonary airways and tracheal epithelial cells. Overall toxicity was tested in a rat inhalation study according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) criteria. Effects on cytochrome monooxygenase (Cyp) mRNA expression, cell viability and mucociliary clearance were determined in acute exposure models using explanted murine trachea.<br />Results: All particles had similar primary particle size, shape, hydrodynamic diameter and ζ-potential. All PAH-containing particles had a comparable specific surface area that was approximately one third that of P90. AS-PAH contained a mixture of PAH with expected higher toxicity than BaP or 9NA. PAH-coating reduced some effects of P90 such as IL-8 mRNA expression and oxidative stress in A549 cells, granulocyte influx in the in vivo OECD experiment, and agglomeration of P90 and mucus release in the murine trachea ex vivo. Furthermore, P90-BaP decreased particle transport speed compared to P90 at 10 μg/ml. In contrast, PAH-coating induced IL-8 mRNA expression in bronchial epithelial cell lines, and Cyp mRNA expression and apoptosis in tracheal epithelial cells. In line with the higher toxicity compared to P90-BaP and P90-9NA, AS-PAH had the strongest biological effects both ex vivo and in vivo.<br />Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the biological effect of CBNP is determined by a combination of specific surface area and surface-bound PAH, and varies in different target cells.
- Subjects :
- A549 Cells
Animals
Apoptosis drug effects
Epithelial Cells metabolism
Female
Humans
Immunity, Innate drug effects
Inhalation Exposure
Interleukin-8 metabolism
Lung drug effects
Lung immunology
Male
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Nanoparticles chemistry
Particle Size
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons chemistry
Rats, Wistar
Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism
Soot chemistry
Surface Properties
Trachea drug effects
Trachea pathology
Epithelial Cells drug effects
Nanoparticles toxicity
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons toxicity
Soot toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1743-8977
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Particle and fibre toxicology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28327162
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-017-0189-1