Optimal timing for vascular access creation.

Many guidelines recommend that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients should have a permanent vascular access, preferably an autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF), at the start of renal replacement therapy. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients still start hemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC). On the other hand, there are increasing numbers of patients in whom an AVF has been created, but who never actually end up on dialysis, as well as a substantial number of patients in whom creation of a vascular access has been attempted unsuccessfully.To improve this situation, timely exploration to assess suitability for and creation of preemptive AVF should be promoted. Decision to construct an AVF should depend on the likelihood and rate of progression to ESRD. For this goal, some reliable prediction models are available. Also, the likelihood that such an attempt will result in a successful outcome should be taken into account, but suitable validated models to accurately make such estimates are lacking. Next to patient-specific factors, some local conditions such as easy access to a vascular surgeon should also be incorporated in the decision-making process between the nephrology team and the patient.