[Depression, anxiety and anger in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.]

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of negative emotions such as depression, anxiety and anger on clinical expression of type 1 diabetes, also assessing possible gender differences.
Materials and Methods: 75 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus afferent to Diabetology Unit of the University Hospital in Messina underwent the following psychodiagnostic tests: Hamilton Rating Scale For Depression (HDRS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-Y), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2). Continuous data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and the comparison between groups was performed using T Student test; the data not continuous were expressed as a percentage and the differences between groups were evaluated using Chi-square test. We considered the results for values of p<0.05.
Results: The mean age of 75 subjects (49.3% males) was 41.0±11.4 years, age of disease onset was 21.1 ± 11.8 years and mean duration of disease was 19.9±11.9 years; 30.7% of subjects were treated with CSII (Subcutaneus Insulin Infusion). Mild levels of depression (HDRS= 10.71±7.9) and anxiety (STAI-Y= 52.37±6.11) were found, whereas STAXI-2 subscales scores were within the normal range. Statistical analysis did not show significant gender differences.
Discussion: Our results, according to data from literature, confirm the association between negative emotions, particularly anxiety, and diabetes. No gender differences were found.
Conclusions: Our results suggest the importance of investigating the association between diabetes and negative emotional states and the psychological and psychopathological dimensions which may have a potential role in the therapeutic management of diabetes.