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Biodegradation Mechanisms of Patulin in Candida guilliermondii: An iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis.
- Source :
-
Toxins [Toxins (Basel)] 2017 Feb 08; Vol. 9 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Feb 08. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Patulin, a potent mycotoxin, contaminates fruits and derived products worldwide, and is a serious health concern. Several yeast strains have shown the ability to effectively degrade patulin. However, the mechanisms of its biodegradation still remain unclear at this time. In the present study, biodegradation and involved mechanisms of patulin by an antagonistic yeast Candida guilliermondii were investigated. The results indicated that C. guilliermondii was capable of not only multiplying to a high population in medium containing patulin, but also effectively reducing patulin content in culture medium. Degradation of patulin by C. guilliermondii was dependent on the yeast cell viability, and mainly occurred inside cells. E-ascladiol was the main degradation product of patulin. An iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed that the responses of C. guilliermondii to patulin were complex. A total of 30 differential proteins involved in 10 biological processes were identified, and more than two-thirds of the differential proteins were down-accumulated. Notably, a short-chain dehydrogenase (gi|190348612) was markedly induced by patulin at both the protein and mRNA levels. Our findings will provide a foundation to help enable the commercial development of an enzyme formulation for the detoxification of patulin in fruit-derived products.
- Subjects :
- Candida classification
Candida genetics
Candida growth & development
Chromatography, Liquid
Computational Biology
Databases, Protein
Fungal Proteins genetics
Fungal Proteins metabolism
Furans metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Inactivation, Metabolic
Microbial Viability
Oxidoreductases genetics
Oxidoreductases metabolism
Time Factors
Biodegradation, Environmental
Candida metabolism
Food Microbiology
Patulin metabolism
Peptide Mapping
Proteomics methods
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6651
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28208714
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9020048