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Modulation of mitochondrial biomarkers by intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and aerobic exercise after eccentric exercise in trained rats.
- Source :
-
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme [Appl Physiol Nutr Metab] 2017 Jul; Vol. 42 (7), pp. 683-693. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Feb 02. - Publication Year :
- 2017
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Abstract
- Unaccustomed eccentric contractions induce muscle damage, calcium homeostasis disruption, and mitochondrial alterations. Since exercise and hypoxia are known to modulate mitochondrial function, we aimed to analyze the effects on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD) in trained rats using 2 recovery protocols based on: (i) intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) and (ii) IHH followed by exercise. The expression of biomarkers related to mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics was evaluated. Soleus muscles were excised before (CTRL) and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after an EEIMD protocol. The following treatments were applied 1 day after the EEIMD: passive normobaric recovery (PNR), 4 h daily exposure to passive IHH at 4000 m (PHR) or IHH exposure followed by aerobic exercise (AHR). Citrate synthase activity was reduced at 7 and 14 days after application of the EEIMD protocol. However, this reduction was attenuated in AHR rats at day 14. PGC-1α and Sirt3 and TOM20 levels had decreased after 1 and 3 days, but the AHR group exhibited increased expression of these proteins, as well as of Tfam, by the end of the protocol. Mfn2 greatly reduced during the first 72 h, but returned to basal levels passively. At day 14, AHR rats had higher levels of Mfn2, OPA1, and Drp1 than PNR animals. Both groups exposed to IHH showed a lower p66shc(ser <superscript>36</superscript> )/p66shc ratio than PNR animals, as well as higher complex IV subunit I and ANT levels. These results suggest that IHH positively modulates key mitochondrial aspects after EEIMD, especially when combined with aerobic exercise.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Apoptosis
Biomarkers metabolism
Citrate (si)-Synthase metabolism
Creatine Kinase blood
Endpoint Determination
Energy Metabolism
GTP Phosphohydrolases
Gene Expression Regulation
Male
Membrane Proteins genetics
Membrane Proteins metabolism
Membrane Transport Proteins
Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins
Mitochondrial Proteins genetics
Mitochondrial Proteins metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal metabolism
Myoglobin blood
Oxidative Stress
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha genetics
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha metabolism
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Receptors, Cell Surface
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear genetics
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear metabolism
Sirtuins genetics
Sirtuins metabolism
Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1 genetics
Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1 metabolism
Hypoxia metabolism
Mitochondria metabolism
Physical Conditioning, Animal
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1715-5320
- Volume :
- 42
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28177702
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0526