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Longitudinal Viral Dynamics in Semen During Early HIV Infection.
- Source :
-
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America [Clin Infect Dis] 2017 Feb 15; Vol. 64 (4), pp. 428-434. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Background: Multiple viruses coinfect the male genital tract, influencing each other’s replication and perhaps affecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis and disease progression.<br />Methods: This study included 453 longitudinal seminal samples from 195 HIV-infected men from the San Diego Primary Infection Resource Consortium and 67 seminal samples from HIV-negative healthy controls. Seminal HIV RNA and DNA from 7 human herpesviruses (HHVs) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Longitudinal shedding rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Predictors of viral shedding were determined using backwards selection in a multivariable generalized estimating equation model.<br />Results: HIV-infected participants presented significantly increased rates of seminal HHV shedding compared with HIV-uninfected controls. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were the most commonly detected HHV in semen of HIV-infected participants. Persistent shedding was more common for CMV and EBV when compared to other HHVs. With exception of HHV-7, HHV shedding was not significantly influenced by HIV RNA levels, CD4+ cell counts, or antiretroviral therapy. Presence of CMV, EBV, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) were independent predictors of genital HIV RNA shedding after adjusting for plasma HIV RNA and longitudinal measurements.<br />Conclusions: Seminal replication of multiple HHVs is common in our HIV primary infection cohort. Genital replication of CMV and EBV was the most common and was significantly associated with seminal HIV RNA shedding. Prevalence of HSV shedding was lower and mostly intermittent, but its association with seminal HIV RNA was the strongest. Understanding the complex viral milieu in semen is important for HIV transmission but might also play a role in HIV pathogenesis and disease progression.
- Subjects :
- Adult
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Case-Control Studies
Coinfection
DNA, Viral
HIV Infections drug therapy
HIV Infections immunology
Herpesviridae Infections virology
Homosexuality, Male
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
RNA, Viral
Risk Factors
Virus Shedding
HIV Infections virology
HIV-1
Semen virology
Viral Load
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1537-6591
- Volume :
- 64
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 28174909
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw784