Bio-environmental factors associated with myopia: An updated review.

Authors :: Galvis V
Tello A
Camacho PA
Parra MM
Merayo-Lloves J
Source :: Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia [Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol] 2017 Jul; Vol. 92 (7), pp. 307-325. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Feb 03.
Publication Year :: 2017
Abstract: Experimental studies in animals, as well as observational and intervention studies in humans, seem to support the premise that the development of juvenile myopia is promoted by a combination of the effect of genetic and environmental factors, with a complex interaction between them. The very rapid increase in myopia rates in some parts of the world, such as Southeast Asia, supports a significant environmental effect. Several lines of evidence suggest that humans might respond to various external factors, such as increased activity in near vision, increased educational pressure, decreased exposure to sunlight outdoors, dietary changes (including increased intake of carbohydrates), as well as low light levels indoors. All these factors could be associated with a higher prevalence of myopia.<br /> (Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)