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Forces controlling organ growth and size.
- Source :
-
Mechanisms of development [Mech Dev] 2017 Apr; Vol. 144 (Pt A), pp. 53-61. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Nov 30. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- One of the fundamental questions in developmental biology is what determines the final size and shape of an organ. Recent research strongly emphasizes that besides cell-cell communication, biophysical principals govern organ development. The architecture and mechanics of a tissue guide cellular processes such as movement, growth or differentiation. Furthermore, mechanical cues do not only regulate processes at a cellular level but also provide constant feedback about size and shape on a tissue scale. Here we review several models and experimental systems which are contributing to our understanding of the roles mechanical forces play during organ development. One of the best understood processes is how the remodeling of bones is driven by mechanical load. Culture systems of single cells and of cellular monolayers provide further insights into the growth promoting capacity of mechanical cues. We focus on the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, a well-established model system for growth regulation. We discuss theoretical models that invoke mechanical feedback loops for growth regulation and experimental studies providing empirical support. Future progress in this exciting field will require the development of new tools to precisely measure and modify forces in living tissue systems.<br /> (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Biomechanical Phenomena
Cell Communication
Drosophila Proteins genetics
Drosophila Proteins metabolism
Drosophila melanogaster genetics
Drosophila melanogaster metabolism
Epithelial Cells metabolism
Imaginal Discs
Larva genetics
Larva growth & development
Larva metabolism
Mechanotransduction, Cellular
Models, Biological
Organ Size
Wings, Animal cytology
Wings, Animal metabolism
Body Patterning genetics
Drosophila melanogaster growth & development
Epithelial Cells cytology
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Wings, Animal growth & development
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1872-6356
- Volume :
- 144
- Issue :
- Pt A
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Mechanisms of development
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27913118
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2016.11.005