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The Cytoskeleton Architecture of Algivorous Protoplast Feeders (Viridiraptoridae, Rhizaria) Indicates Actin-Guided Perforation of Prey Cell Walls.
- Source :
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Protist [Protist] 2017 Feb; Vol. 168 (1), pp. 12-31. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Oct 31. - Publication Year :
- 2017
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Abstract
- Several distantly related, phagotrophic microeukaryotes share the remarkable ability to perforate foreign cell walls in a well-defined pattern to acquire protoplast material as food. The underlying cellular processes, especially the local application of cell wall degrading agents, are still unexplored. We examined the distribution of F-actin and alpha-tubulin in the algivorous, viridiraptorid amoeboflagellates Orciraptor agilis and Viridiraptor invadens over their life histories using phalloidin conjugates and immunolocalization. During attack, both species form distinctive, F-actin-rich structures at the contact zone to the algal prey cell, which exactly match the species-specific cell wall perforations and resemble invadopodia and podosome rosettes of mammalian cells to a certain extent. Furthermore, F-actin is involved in the extraction of plastid material by Orciraptor and in prey cell invasion by Viridiraptor (here, F-actin localizes to a characteristic hyaline channel, which surrounds the streaming cytoplasm). The digestive-reproductive stages of viridiraptorids display a highly ordered microtubular cytoskeleton, whereas distinct phalloidin-positive actin structures could not be detected. We discuss the presumed function of F-actin during perforation and penetration of the algal cell wall by viridiraptorids, and compare the cytoskeleton architecture of these protoplast feeders to amoeboflagellates from different eukaryotic supergroups.<br /> (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1618-0941
- Volume :
- 168
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Protist
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27912101
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2016.10.004