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Individual and joint toxicity of the herbicide S-metolachlor and a metabolite, deethylatrazine on aquatic crustaceans: Difference between ecological groups.
- Source :
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Chemosphere [Chemosphere] 2016 Dec; Vol. 165, pp. 118-125. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Sep 16. - Publication Year :
- 2016
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Abstract
- We studied the individual and joint acute toxicity of S-metolachlor (SMOC) and deethylatrazine (DEA - a metabolite of atrazine) on different non-target freshwater crustaceans. We used animals from different ecological groups: two amphipods from surface running water (Gammarus pulex and Gammarus cf. orinos), an isopod from surface stagnant water (Asellus aquaticus) and an amphipod living in groundwater (Niphargus rhenorhodanensis). Organisms were exposed to different levels of SMOC and DEA, alone or in binary mixture. Temperature effect on SMOC toxicity was assessed by exposing G. pulex and N. rhenorhodanensis to SMOC at 11 °C and 15 °C. Studying mortality as the biological endpoint, N. rhenorhodanensis was more resistant than surface water species towards SMOC and DEA. Among surface water species, G. pulex was the most sensitive while Gammarus cf. orinos and A. aquaticus showed similar responses to both compounds. Temperature increase did not change SMOC toxicity but modify the shape and steepness of the dose-response curve. We used a Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) approach to evaluate the predictability of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) models to mixture toxicity. Results indicated either an additive or an antagonistic or a synergistic interaction depending on the concentrations combination and the test species. Our finding conclusively show the suitability of CA and IA in predicting mixture toxicities but results should be interpreted with caution according to ecological group of exposed species in risk assessment procedures.<br /> (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Acetamides metabolism
Amphipoda drug effects
Amphipoda growth & development
Animals
Atrazine metabolism
Atrazine toxicity
Crustacea growth & development
Ecology
Fresh Water chemistry
Groundwater chemistry
Herbicides metabolism
Isopoda drug effects
Isopoda growth & development
Lethal Dose 50
Models, Theoretical
Risk Assessment
Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism
Acetamides toxicity
Atrazine analogs & derivatives
Crustacea drug effects
Herbicides toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1298
- Volume :
- 165
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Chemosphere
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27643657
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.030