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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced in vitro by solvent-extractable organic matter of size-segregated urban particulate matter.
- Source :
-
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) [Environ Pollut] 2016 Nov; Vol. 218, pp. 1350-1362. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Sep 06. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Three organic fractions of different polarity, including a non polar organic fraction (NPOF), a moderately polar organic fraction (MPOF), and a polar organic fraction (POF) were obtained from size-segregated (<0.49, 0.49-0.97, 0.97-3 and >3 μm) urban particulate matter (PM) samples, and tested for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a battery of in vitro assays. The cytotoxicity induced by the organic PM fractions was measured by the mitochondrial dehydrogenase (MTT) cell viability assay applied on MRC-5 human lung epithelial cells. DNA damages were evaluated through the comet assay, determination of the poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity, and the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation, while pro-inflammatory effects were assessed by determination of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mediator release. In addition, the Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) inducibility of the solvent-extractable organic matter was measured on human peripheral lymphocyte. Variations of responses were assessed in relation to the polarity (hence the expected composition) of the organic PM fractions, particle size, locality, and season. Organic PM fractions were found to induce rather comparable Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PM appeared to be rather independent from the polarity of the extractable organic PM matter (EOM) with POF often being relatively more toxic than NPOF or MPOF. All assays indicated stronger mass-normalized bioactivity for fine than coarse particles peaking in the 0.97-3 and/or the 0.49-0.97 μm size ranges. Nevertheless, the air volume-normalized bioactivity in all assays was highest for the <0.49 μm size range highlighting the important human health risk posed by the inhalation of these quasi-ultrafine particles.<br /> (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine
Air Pollutants analysis
Air Pollutants chemistry
Cell Line
Cell Survival drug effects
Comet Assay
Deoxyguanosine analogs & derivatives
Deoxyguanosine chemistry
Humans
Particle Size
Particulate Matter analysis
Particulate Matter chemistry
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors analysis
Seasons
Sister Chromatid Exchange drug effects
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha drug effects
Air Pollutants toxicity
DNA Adducts drug effects
DNA Damage drug effects
Mutagenicity Tests
Particulate Matter toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-6424
- Volume :
- 218
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27613321
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.001