Recombinant Human Thyrotropin Improves Endothelial Coronary Flow Reserve in Thyroidectomized Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Background: The role of thyrotropin (TSH) on the cardiovascular system has been poorly investigated. It is unknown whether the changes in the vasculature associated with thyroid diseases result from altered thyroid hormone action or whether they are a consequence of a direct effect of TSH on endothelial cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the endothelial response of coronary flow to TSH in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) without cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods: The study population consisted of three men and seven women (M _age  = 32.6 ± 8 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy for DTC. All were receiving therapy with L-thyroxine to maintain TSH within the reference range. No patient was obese, or had hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. Patients underwent standard echo-Doppler examination with evaluation of the coronary flow reserve (CFR) of the distal left anterior descending artery obtained by cold pressure test (CPT) before and 24 h after the second recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) injection.
Results: Left ventricular morphology and systolic and diastolic function were normal in all patients. Levels of thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin antibodies did not differ significantly pre- versus post-rhTSH treatment, whereas TSH levels were higher after rhTSH administration. Blood pressure and heart rate were not affected by rhTSH. Coronary flow peak velocity at rest (22.3 ± 6 vs 23.2 ± 8.7; p = 0.66) did not differ between baseline and 24 h after rhTSH, while post-CPT velocity (29.3 ± 6.8 vs 34.4 ± 10.9; p < 0.05) and the CFR were higher after rhTSH administration (1.32 ± 0.2 vs. 1.53 ± 0.2; p < 0.01).
Conclusions: rhTSH administration may improve the CFR after the non-pharmacological stressor CPT in DTC patients. The increase of coronary blood flow after rhTSH suggests that TSH may exert a protective effect on the coronary endothelium.