Internal limiting membrane transplantation for unclosed and large macular holes.

Background: To present the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of transplantation of autologous internal limiting membrane (ILM) for large macular holes (MHs) after failed surgeries with ILM removal.
Methods: Thirteen eyes of 13 consecutive patients with MHs larger than 500 μm after failed surgeries with ILM removal underwent vitrectomy with transplantation of autologous ILM. In the ILM transplantation technique, a small piece of the ILM was peeled off and transplanted inside the macular hole. Fluid-air exchange was then performed. The air was then replaced with 10 % perfluoropropane (C ₃ F ₈ ) gas. Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. The main outcome measures were best-corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA) and MH closure rate.
Results: The preoperative mean base diameter of the MHs was 1637.6 + 412.7 μm (range, 814-2092 μm). The preoperative mean minimum diameter was 814.4 + 255.0 μm (range, 546 μm-1485 μm). Complete MH sealing was achieved in 12 eyes after transplantation of the ILM flap. The mean BCVA was 1.15 + 0.21 (range, 1.0-1.6) before surgery and 0.99 + 0.17 (range, 0.7-1.3) at 12 months postoperatively. There was a significant difference in BCVA before versus after the surgery (t = 3.825, P = 0.0002, paired t- test).
Conclusions: Transplantation of autologous ILM is an effective addition to the surgical options for large macular holes after failed surgeries with ILM removal.