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Systemic availability and metabolism of colonic-derived short-chain fatty acids in healthy subjects: a stable isotope study.
- Source :
-
The Journal of physiology [J Physiol] 2017 Jan 15; Vol. 595 (2), pp. 541-555. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Sep 18. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Key Points: The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bacterial metabolites produced during the colonic fermentation of undigested carbohydrates, such as dietary fibre and prebiotics, and can mediate the interaction between the diet, the microbiota and the host. We quantified the fraction of colonic administered SCFAs that could be recovered in the systemic circulation, the fraction that was excreted via the breath and urine, and the fraction that was used as a precursor for glucose, cholesterol and fatty acids. This information is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms by which SCFAs beneficially affect physiological functions such as glucose and lipid metabolism and immune function.<br />Abstract: The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate and butyrate, are bacterial metabolites that mediate the interaction between the diet, the microbiota and the host. In the present study, the systemic availability of SCFAs and their incorporation into biologically relevant molecules was quantified. Known amounts of <superscript>13</superscript> C-labelled acetate, propionate and butyrate were introduced in the colon of 12 healthy subjects using colon delivery capsules and plasma levels of <superscript>13</superscript> C-SCFAs <superscript>13</superscript> C-glucose, <superscript>13</superscript> C-cholesterol and <superscript>13</superscript> C-fatty acids were measured. The butyrate-producing capacity of the intestinal microbiota was also quantified. Systemic availability of colonic-administered acetate, propionate and butyrate was 36%, 9% and 2%, respectively. Conversion of acetate into butyrate (24%) was the most prevalent interconversion by the colonic microbiota and was not related to the butyrate-producing capacity in the faecal samples. Less than 1% of administered acetate was incorporated into cholesterol and <15% in fatty acids. On average, 6% of colonic propionate was incorporated into glucose. The SCFAs were mainly excreted via the lungs after oxidation to <superscript>13</superscript> CO <subscript>2</subscript> , whereas less than 0.05% of the SCFAs were excreted into urine. These results will allow future evaluation and quantification of SCFA production from <superscript>13</superscript> C-labelled fibres in the human colon by measurement of <superscript>13</superscript> C-labelled SCFA concentrations in blood.<br /> (© 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2016 The Physiological Society.)
- Subjects :
- Adult
Capsules
Carbon Isotopes
Cholesterol metabolism
Colon microbiology
Cross-Over Studies
Fatty Acids, Volatile administration & dosage
Fatty Acids, Volatile blood
Fatty Acids, Volatile urine
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology
Glucose metabolism
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Male
Young Adult
Colon metabolism
Fatty Acids, Volatile pharmacokinetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1469-7793
- Volume :
- 595
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of physiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27510655
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1113/JP272613