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[Mediastinal germ cell tumors].
- Source :
-
Der Pathologe [Pathologe] 2016 Sep; Vol. 37 (5), pp. 441-8. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- The mediastinum is among the most frequent anatomic region in which germ cell tumors (GCT) arise, second only to the gonads. Mediastinal GCT (mGCT) account for 16 % of all mediastinal neoplasms. Although the morphology and (according to all available data) the molecular genetics of mediastinal and gonadal GCT are identical, a number of unique aspects exist. There is a highly relevant bi-modal age distribution. In pre-pubertal children of both sexes, mGCT consist exclusively of teratomas and yolk sac tumors. The prognosis is generally favorable with modern treatment. In post-pubertal adults, virtually all patients with malignant mGCT are males; the prognosis is more guarded and depends (among other factors) on the histological GCT components and is similar to GCT in other organs. So-called somatic type malignancies (i. e. clonally related, non-germ cell neoplasias arising in a GCT) are much more frequent in mGCT than in other organs, and the association between mediastinal yolk sac tumors and hematological malignancies, such as myelodysplasias and leukemias, is unique to mediastinal tumors. The prognosis of GCT with somatic type malignancies is generally dismal.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Age Factors
Child
Diagnosis, Differential
Endodermal Sinus Tumor classification
Endodermal Sinus Tumor diagnosis
Endodermal Sinus Tumor pathology
Female
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Leukemia classification
Leukemia diagnosis
Leukemia pathology
Male
Mediastinal Neoplasms classification
Myelodysplastic Syndromes classification
Myelodysplastic Syndromes diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes pathology
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal classification
Prognosis
Sex Factors
Teratoma diagnosis
Teratoma pathology
Mediastinal Neoplasms diagnosis
Mediastinal Neoplasms pathology
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal diagnosis
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal pathology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- German
- ISSN :
- 1432-1963
- Volume :
- 37
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Der Pathologe
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27491549
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-016-0196-2