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Biomarkers of chemotaxis and inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in individuals with HIV-1 subtype C versus B.
- Source :
-
Journal of neurovirology [J Neurovirol] 2016 Dec; Vol. 22 (6), pp. 715-724. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jul 11. - Publication Year :
- 2016
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Abstract
- A defective chemokine motif in the HIV-1 Tat protein has been hypothesized to alter central nervous system cellular trafficking and inflammation, rendering HIV-1 subtype C less neuropathogenic than B. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compared biomarkers of cellular chemotaxis and inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in individuals infected with HIV-1 subtypes B (n = 27) and C (n = 25) from Curitiba, Brazil. None had opportunistic infections. Chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, IP-10) and cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10) were measured using the multiplex bead suspension array immunoassays or ELISA HD. CSF and serum biomarker concentrations were compared between subtype B and C groups and HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects (N = 19) using an independent group t test (unadjusted analysis) and linear regression (adjusted analysis), controlling for nadir CD4 and CSF and plasma HIV RNA suppression. CSF levels of cytokines and chemokines were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative participants for 7/13 biomarkers measured, but levels did not differ for subtypes B and C. Serum levels were significantly elevated for 4/13 markers, with no significant differences between subtypes B and C. Although pleocytosis was much more frequent in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative individuals (27 vs. 0 %), subtypes B and C did not differ (32 and 22 %; p = 0.23). We did not find molecular evidence to support the hypothesis that intrathecal chemotaxis and inflammation is less in HIV-1 subtype C than in subtype B. Biomarker changes in CSF were more robust than in serum, suggesting compartmentalization of the immunological response to HIV.<br />Competing Interests: SERGIO M. DE ALMEIDA , the author declare that have no conflict of interest. YANXIN JIANG , the author declare that have no conflict of interest. INDIANARA ROTTA, the author declare that have no conflict of interest. XIAO LI , the author declare that have no conflict of interest. SONIA M. RABONI , the author declare that have no conflict of interest. CLEA E. RIBEIRO , the author declare that have no conflict of interest. DAVEY SMITH , the author declare that have no conflict of interest. MICHAEL POTTER , the author declare that have no conflict of interest. FLORIN VAIDA , the author declare that have no conflict of interest. SCOTT LETENDRE , the author declare that have no conflict of interest. RONALD J. ELLIS , the author declare that have no conflict of interest.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Biomarkers blood
Biomarkers cerebrospinal fluid
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes virology
Case-Control Studies
Central Nervous System immunology
Central Nervous System metabolism
Central Nervous System virology
Chemokines, CC blood
Female
HIV Infections blood
HIV Infections immunology
HIV Infections virology
HIV-1 classification
HIV-1 immunology
HIV-1 pathogenicity
Humans
Interferon-gamma blood
Interleukins blood
Leukocytosis blood
Leukocytosis immunology
Leukocytosis virology
Linear Models
Male
Middle Aged
Molecular Typing
RNA, Viral immunology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha blood
Viral Load immunology
Chemokines, CC cerebrospinal fluid
Chemotaxis immunology
HIV Infections cerebrospinal fluid
Interferon-gamma cerebrospinal fluid
Interleukins cerebrospinal fluid
Leukocytosis cerebrospinal fluid
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha cerebrospinal fluid
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1538-2443
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of neurovirology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27400932
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-016-0437-4