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Mechanical Ventilation Alters the Development of Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Rabbit.
- Source :
-
PloS one [PLoS One] 2016 Jul 08; Vol. 11 (7), pp. e0158799. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jul 08 (Print Publication: 2016). - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common during mechanical ventilation (MV). Beside obvious deleterious effects on muco-ciliary clearance, MV could adversely shift the host immune response towards a pro-inflammatory pattern through toll-like receptor (TLRs) up-regulation. We tested this hypothesis in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus VAP. Pneumonia was caused by airway challenge with S. aureus, in either spontaneously breathing (SB) or MV rabbits (n = 13 and 17, respectively). Pneumonia assessment regarding pulmonary and systemic bacterial burden, as well as inflammatory response was done 8 and 24 hours after S. aureus challenge. In addition, ex vivo stimulations of whole blood taken from SB or MV rabbits (n = 7 and 5, respectively) with TLR2 agonist or heat-killed S. aureus were performed. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. After 8 hours of infection, lung injury was more severe in MV animals (1.40±0.33 versus [vs] 2.40±0.55, p = 0.007), along with greater bacterial concentrations (6.13±0.63 vs. 4.96±1.31 colony forming units/gram, p = 0.002). Interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αserum concentrations reached higher levels in MV animals (p = 0.010). Whole blood obtained from MV animals released larger amounts of cytokines if stimulated with TLR2 agonist or heat-killed S. aureus (e.g., TNF-α: 1656±166 vs. 1005±89; p = 0.014). Moreover, MV induced TLR2 overexpression in both lung and spleen tissue. MV hastened tissue injury, impaired lung bacterial clearance, and promoted a systemic inflammatory response, maybe through TLR2 overexpression.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Interleukin-8 immunology
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal pathology
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated microbiology
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated pathology
Rabbits
Toll-Like Receptor 2 immunology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha immunology
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal immunology
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated immunology
Respiration, Artificial
Staphylococcus aureus immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1932-6203
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27391952
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158799