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Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and the risk of lung cancer among participants of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study.
- Source :
-
International journal of cancer [Int J Cancer] 2016 Nov 01; Vol. 139 (9), pp. 1958-66. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Aug 04. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Recently, air pollution has been classified as a carcinogen largely on the evidence of epidemiological studies of lung cancer. However, there have been few prospective studies that have evaluated associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and cancer at lower concentrations. We conducted a prospective analysis of 89,234 women enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study between 1980 and 1985, and for whom residential measures of PM2.5 could be assigned. The cohort was linked to the Canadian Cancer Registry to identify incident lung cancers through 2004. Surface PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using satellite data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterize associations between PM2.5 and lung cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) computed from these models were adjusted for several individual-level characteristics, including smoking. The cohort was composed predominantly of Canadian-born (82%), married (80%) women with a median PM2.5 exposure of 9.1 µg/m(3) . In total, 932 participants developed lung cancer. In fully adjusted models, a 10 µg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer (HR: 1.34; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.65). The strongest associations were observed with small cell carcinoma (HR: 1.53; 95% CI = 0.93, 2.53) and adenocarcinoma (HR: 1.44; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.97). Stratified analyses suggested increased PM2.5 risks were limited to those who smoked cigarettes. Our findings are consistent with previous epidemiological investigations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and lung cancer. Importantly, they suggest associations persist at lower concentrations such as those currently found in Canadian cities.<br /> (© 2016 UICC.)
- Subjects :
- Adenocarcinoma chemically induced
Adult
Breast Neoplasms diagnosis
Canada
Female
Humans
Lung Neoplasms chemically induced
Mass Screening
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Registries
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma chemically induced
Smoking adverse effects
Adenocarcinoma epidemiology
Air Pollutants toxicity
Lung Neoplasms epidemiology
Particulate Matter toxicity
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma epidemiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1097-0215
- Volume :
- 139
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of cancer
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27380650
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30255