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Frailty and sarcopenia as the basis for the phenotypic manifestation of chronic diseases in older adults.
- Source :
-
Molecular aspects of medicine [Mol Aspects Med] 2016 Aug; Vol. 50, pp. 1-32. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jun 28. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Frailty is a functional status that precedes disability and is characterized by decreased functional reserve and increased vulnerability. In addition to disability, the frailty phenotype predicts falls, institutionalization, hospitalization and mortality. Frailty is the consequence of the interaction between the aging process and some chronic diseases and conditions that compromise functional systems and finally produce sarcopenia. Many of the clinical manifestations of frailty are explained by sarcopenia which is closely related to poor physical performance. Reduced regenerative capacity, malperfusion, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation compose the sarcopenic skeletal muscle alterations associated to the frailty phenotype. Inflammation appears as a common determinant for chronic diseases, sarcopenia and frailty. The strategies to prevent the frailty phenotype include an adequate amount of physical activity and exercise as well as pharmacological interventions such as myostatin inhibitors and specific androgen receptor modulators. Cell response to stress pathways such as Nrf2, sirtuins and klotho could be considered as future therapeutic interventions for the management of frailty phenotype and aging-related chronic diseases.<br /> (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Adaptation, Physiological
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Animals
Chronic Disease
Cytokines metabolism
Humans
Inflammation metabolism
Inflammation pathology
Inflammation physiopathology
Inflammation therapy
Inflammation Mediators
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Muscle, Skeletal metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal pathology
Muscle, Skeletal physiopathology
Organ Specificity
Oxidative Stress
Sarcopenia metabolism
Sarcopenia therapy
Signal Transduction
Aging physiology
Disease Susceptibility
Frail Elderly
Phenotype
Sarcopenia pathology
Sarcopenia physiopathology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1872-9452
- Volume :
- 50
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Molecular aspects of medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27370407
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.001