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Diagnosing feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in FIV-vaccinated and FIV-unvaccinated cats using saliva.
- Source :
-
Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases [Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis] 2016 Jun; Vol. 46, pp. 66-72. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Apr 08. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- We recently showed that two immunochromatography point-of-care FIV antibody test kits (Witness FeLV/FIV and Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV) were able to correctly assign FIV infection status, irrespective of FIV vaccination history, using whole blood as the diagnostic specimen. A third FIV antibody test kit, SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo (an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), was unable to differentiate antibodies produced in response to FIV vaccination from those incited by FIV infection. The aim of this study was to determine if saliva is a suitable diagnostic specimen using the same well characterized feline cohort. FIV infection status of these cats had been determined previously using a combination of serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and virus isolation. This final assignment was then compared to results obtained using saliva as the diagnostic specimen utilizing the same three point-of-care FIV antibody test kits and commercially available PCR assay (FIV RealPCR). In a population of cats where one third (117/356; 33%) were FIV-vaccinated, both immunochromatography test kits accurately diagnosed FIV infection using saliva via a centrifugation method, irrespective of FIV vaccination history. For FIV diagnosis using saliva, the specificity of Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV and Witness FeLV/FIV was 100%, while the sensitivity of these kits was 96% and 92% respectively. SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo respectively. SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo had a specificity of 98% and sensitivity of 44%, while FIV RealPCR testing had a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 72% using saliva. A revised direct method of saliva testing was trialed on a subset of FIV-infected cats (n=14), resulting in 14, 7 and 0 FIV positive results using Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV, Witness FeLV/FIV and SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo, respectively. These results demonstrate that saliva can be used to diagnose FIV infection, irrespective of FIV vaccination history, using either a centrifugation method (Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV and Witness FeLV/FIV) or a direct method (Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV). Collection of a saliva specimen therefore provides an acceptable alternative to venipuncture (i) in fractious cats where saliva may be easier to obtain than whole blood, (ii) in settings when a veterinarian or trained technician is unavailable to collect blood and (iii) in shelters where FIV testing is undertaken prior to adoption but additional blood testing is not required.<br /> (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Antibodies, Viral blood
Cats
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome immunology
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome virology
Female
Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline genetics
Male
Point-of-Care Systems economics
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sensitivity and Specificity
Viral Vaccines administration & dosage
Antibodies, Viral analysis
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome diagnosis
Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline immunology
Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline isolation & purification
Saliva immunology
Saliva virology
Viral Vaccines immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1878-1667
- Volume :
- 46
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27260813
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2016.03.006