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The applied side of antimicrobial peptide-inducible promoters from Firmicutes bacteria: expression systems and whole-cell biosensors.
- Source :
-
Applied microbiology and biotechnology [Appl Microbiol Biotechnol] 2016 Jun; Vol. 100 (11), pp. 4817-29. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Apr 22. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- The cell envelope is an essential bacterial structure that consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and-in Gram-negative bacteria-the outer membrane. Because of its crucial functions, it represents a prime antibiotic target. Monitoring and maintaining its integrity are therefore keys to survival, especially in competitive environments where antibiotics represent one means of suppressing the growth of competitors. Resistance against external antibiotic threat, as well as auto-immunity against self-produced antibiotics, is often mediated by two-component systems (2CSs). They respond to antibiotic threat by inducing gene expression that results in the production of specific resistance determinants. The underlying transcriptional control is exhibited at the level of specific target promoters, which usually share a number of relevant features: They are tightly controlled and only induced in the presence of specific (sets of) antibiotics. This induction is dose dependent and often very sensitive, that is, it occurs well below inhibitory antibiotic concentrations. Because of these characteristics, a number of well-characterized cell envelope stress-inducible promoters have been developed for two different applied purposes: first, as whole-cell biosensors for antibiotic detection and mechanism-of-action studies, and second, as antibiotic-inducible expression systems for biotechnological purposes. The current state of research in both fields will be discussed in this review, focusing on 2CS-regulated promoters from Firmicutes bacteria that are induced to mediate resistance against antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) targeting the cell envelope.
- Subjects :
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides chemistry
Bacillus subtilis drug effects
Bacterial Proteins metabolism
Cell Membrane drug effects
Cell Wall drug effects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Genes, Reporter
Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects
Gram-Negative Bacteria genetics
Lactococcus lactis drug effects
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides pharmacology
Bacillus subtilis genetics
Bacterial Proteins genetics
Biosensing Techniques
Lactococcus lactis genetics
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1432-0614
- Volume :
- 100
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Applied microbiology and biotechnology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 27102123
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7519-3